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Crystal structure and properties
A topic from the subject of Crystallization in Chemistry.
Crystal Structure and Properties
Crystal Structure
- Arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions in a regular, repeating pattern in three dimensions.
- Determined by interatomic forces and the size and shape of the particles.
- Describes the symmetry and unit cell of the crystal.
Crystal Properties
- Physical Properties:
- Shape, density, melting point, boiling point
- Electrical and thermal conductivity
- Optical properties (e.g., refractive index)
- Chemical Properties:
- Reactivity, solubility
- Stability, oxidation/reduction potential
Key Points
- Crystal structure determines many of the physical and chemical properties of a substance.
- Crystals can be classified into different crystal systems based on their symmetry.
- Defects in crystal structures can affect their properties.
- Crystallography techniques (e.g., X-ray diffraction) are used to determine crystal structure.
Crystal Structure and Properties Experiment
Objective
To investigate the relationship between crystal structure and properties.Materials
- Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Potassium chloride (KCl)
- Water
- Beaker
- Stirring rod
- Thermometer
- Beaker with lid
- Magnifying glass
Procedure
1. Dissolve equal amounts of NaCl and KCl in separate beakers of water.2. Stir the solutions until all the crystals dissolve.
3. Place a few drops of each solution on a glass slide and let them evaporate.
4. Examine the crystals under a magnifying glass.