Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
## Introduction
Organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are the building blocks of all living things and can be found in a wide variety of compounds, including drugs, plastics, and food.
Organic compounds are classified into different groups according to their structure. The three main groups of organic compounds are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.
## Nomenclature of Alkanes
The names of alkanes are derived from the Greek words for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules. The prefixes of alkane names are shown in the table below.
| Number of Carbon Atoms | Prefix |
|---|---|
| 1 | Meth- |
| 2 | Eth- |
| 3 | Prop- |
| 4 | But- |
| 5 | Pen- |
| 6 | hex- |
| 7 | hept- |
| 8 | Oct- |
| 9 | Non- |
| 10 | Dec- |
The name of an alkane is simply the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "ane" ending. For example, the alkane that contains three carbon atoms is called "propane."
## Nomenclature of Alkenes
The names of alkenes are derived from the Greek words for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules and the presence of a double bond. The prefixes of alkene names are shown in the table below.
| Number of Carbon Atoms | Prefix |
|---|---|
| 2 | Eth- |
| 3 | Prop- |
| 4 | But- |
| 5 | Pen- |
| 6 | hex- |
| 7 | hept- |
| 8 | Oct- |
| 9 | Non- |
| 10 | Dec- |
The name of an alkene is simply the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "ene" ending. However, if the double bond is located between the second and third carbon atoms, the name of the alkene is derived from the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "1-ene" ending. For example, the alkene that contains three carbon atoms and a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms is called "propene." However, the alkene that contains three carbon atoms and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms is called "1-propene."
## Nomenclature of Alkynes
The names of alkynes are derived from the Greek words for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules and the presence of a triple bond. The prefixes of alkyne names are shown in the table below.
| Number of Carbon Atoms | Prefix |
|---|---|
| 2 | Ethy- |
| 3 | Propy- |
| 4 | Buty- |
| 5 | Penty- |
| 6 | hexy- |
| 7 | hepty- |
| 8 | octy- |
| 9 | nony- |
| 10 | decy- |
The name of an alkyne is simply the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "y
## Introduction
Organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are the building blocks of all living things and can be found in a wide variety of compounds, including drugs, plastics, and food.
Organic compounds are classified into different groups according to their structure. The three main groups of organic compounds are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.
## Nomenclature of Alkanes
The names of alkanes are derived from the Greek words for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules. The prefixes of alkane names are shown in the table below.
| Number of Carbon Atoms | Prefix |
|---|---|
| 1 | Meth- |
| 2 | Eth- |
| 3 | Prop- |
| 4 | But- |
| 5 | Pen- |
| 6 | hex- |
| 7 | hept- |
| 8 | Oct- |
| 9 | Non- |
| 10 | Dec- |
The name of an alkane is simply the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "ane" ending. For example, the alkane that contains three carbon atoms is called "propane."
## Nomenclature of Alkenes
The names of alkenes are derived from the Greek words for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules and the presence of a double bond. The prefixes of alkene names are shown in the table below.
| Number of Carbon Atoms | Prefix |
|---|---|
| 2 | Eth- |
| 3 | Prop- |
| 4 | But- |
| 5 | Pen- |
| 6 | hex- |
| 7 | hept- |
| 8 | Oct- |
| 9 | Non- |
| 10 | Dec- |
The name of an alkene is simply the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "ene" ending. However, if the double bond is located between the second and third carbon atoms, the name of the alkene is derived from the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "1-ene" ending. For example, the alkene that contains three carbon atoms and a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms is called "propene." However, the alkene that contains three carbon atoms and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms is called "1-propene."
## Nomenclature of Alkynes
The names of alkynes are derived from the Greek words for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules and the presence of a triple bond. The prefixes of alkyne names are shown in the table below.
| Number of Carbon Atoms | Prefix |
|---|---|
| 2 | Ethy- |
| 3 | Propy- |
| 4 | Buty- |
| 5 | Penty- |
| 6 | hexy- |
| 7 | hepty- |
| 8 | octy- |
| 9 | nony- |
| 10 | decy- |
The name of an alkyne is simply the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the molecules followed by the "y