Analytical Chemistry in Biomedical Science
Introduction
Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the identification and quantification of chemical substances in various samples. It plays a crucial role in biomedical science, providing essential information for understanding biological processes, diagnosing diseases, and developing new treatments.
Basic Concepts
- Sample preparation
- Analytical techniques
- Data analysis
Equipment and Techniques
- Spectrophotometry
- Chromatography (HPLC, GC)
- Mass spectrometry (MS)
- Electrochemical methods
Types of Experiments
- Qualitative analysis (identification)
- Quantitative analysis (quantification)
- Drug metabolism
- Biomarker discovery
Data Analysis
Analytical chemistry data is typically analyzed using statistical methods to determine the significance of results. This includes:
- Descriptive statistics
- Inferential statistics
- Machine learning
Applications
- Diagnosis of diseases (e.g., cancer, infectious diseases)
- Monitoring of therapeutic drug levels
- Development of new drugs and treatments
- Toxicology and environmental analysis
Conclusion
Analytical chemistry is an indispensable tool in biomedical science. By providing insights into the chemical composition and properties of biological samples, it enables scientists and clinicians to better understand and treat diseases, develop new therapies, and ensure the safety of our environment.
Analytical Chemistry in Biomedical Science: Electrophoresis
Purpose
To separate and analyze proteins or DNA molecules based on their charge and size using electrophoresis.
Materials
- Electrophoresis apparatus
- Agarose gel
- DNA or protein samples
- Loading buffer
- Electrophoresis buffer
- UV light source
- Marker ladder
Procedure
- Prepare the agarose gel by melting it in a microwave or hot plate and pouring it into the electrophoresis apparatus.
- Prepare the DNA or protein samples by mixing them with loading buffer and heating them to denature the proteins or DNA.
- Load the samples and marker ladder into the wells of the agarose gel.
- Run the electrophoresis at a constant voltage for a predetermined time.
- Remove the gel from the apparatus and stain it with a fluorescent dye that binds to DNA or protein.
- Visualize the separated bands under a UV light source.
Key Procedures
- Selecting the appropriate agarose gel concentration for the size of the molecules to be separated.
- Preparing and loading the samples correctly.
- Running the electrophoresis at the correct voltage and time.
- Selecting the appropriate staining method.
Significance
Electrophoresis is a fundamental technique in analytical chemistry and biomedical science. It allows scientists to separate and analyze proteins or DNA molecules, which is essential for many applications, including:
- Identifying and characterizing inherited diseases.
- Diagnostics and prognosis of diseases.
- Forensics.
- Development of new therapies.