A topic from the subject of Physical Chemistry in Chemistry.

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Magnetism and Periodicity
Key Points

  • Magnetic properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number.
  • Elements with unpaired electrons are paramagnetic.
  • Elements with all electrons paired are diamagnetic.
  • The number of unpaired electrons can be predicted from the electron configuration of the element.
  • Magnetism can be used to identify and characterize elements and compounds.

Main Concepts
Paramagnetic materialsare materials that are attracted to a magnetic field. Diamagnetic materials are materials that are repelled by a magnetic field.
Magnetic susceptibilityis a measure of the degree to which a material is magnetized when placed in a magnetic field. Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule.
Hund's rule* states that the lowest energy configuration of an atom or molecule is the one with the maximum number of unpaired electrons.

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